Carlisle Indian School Manuscripts.

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arlisle Indian Industrial School

Manuscripts

Below is an extensive annotated bibliography of the resources in our manuscript collection. These files include a wide variety of materials pertaining to the Indian school and contain some unique resources preserved only at the Cumberland County Historical Society. Commencement or performance programs, correspondents about the school, oral histories, government reports, and student memory books and academic assignments are just some of the items in this collection. Because of the enormity of this list, we encourage using your “find in page” menu option to search for more specific interests. We thank Erika Richards for her tireless effort in compiling this precious research tool.

PI 1-1 Letter from W.P. Winneshiek to Mr. and Mrs. Ed. L. Whistler of Carlisle, Pa. May 5, 1937.
Former Carlisle student. Founder of Chief Winneshiek’s Indian Band. He is touring the country with a sixteen-piece band. There are three ex-Carlisle students in the band. Have been working steadily and plan to return and play at Carlisle. The reverse of the letter has a flyer that advertises the all-Indian band along with several others as part of an advertisement for Conn Band Instruments.

PI 1-1-1 Letter from Richard Henry Pratt to “The Carlisle Friends of the Indian School”. Feb 21, 1898.
Offers special opportunity to tour the school on days different from commencement so that people coming from farther away may have a better opportunity than before to attend the ceremonies. Suggests that this had not been offered in the past. A ticket is enclosed. A typed note at the top of this invitation suggests that the acknowledgment of the invitation was too late and so all the admission tickets are gone. Not sure if the ticket was enclosed why it was necessary to acknowledge the invitation.

PI 1-1-2 Letter from Richard Henry Pratt to J.A. Hefflefinger. June 17, 1904.
Letter on official school letterhead to Mr. Hefflefinger who apparently owns a business and sold $53.75 worth of goods to a Carlisle student. Pratt says that he should be punished for selling that much to an Indian and especially not to a student without Pratt’s permission. The student in question, Walter Komah, does not have enough money to pay the bill. Pratt comments on how quickly he spends his money and the school's requirements on savings. Suggests that Mr. Hefflefinger get a lawyer to scare Walter.

PI 1-1-3 Letter from Wallace and Nellie R. Denny to Mr. Samuel M. Goodyear of Carlisle. January 12, 1934.
Discusses how school property was disposed when the school closed. The government property, including official records were sent to Washington, D.C. Movable property like pictures and trophies paid for from athletic funds were turned over to the Denny’s. Sets of the school publications were given to General Pratt, the Bosler Memorial Library, and the State Librarian in Harrisburg. Some other materials were also sent to the State Librarian in 1922 by the Denny’s after they consulted the Alumni president. The Denny’s show appreciation of the development of a Carlisle Room in connection with the Hamilton Library Association and believe that the school materials should be remanded to it. Because they were given control of the property by acting superintendent C.V. Peel they believe that the letter should be enough authority to have the materials in the State Library turned over.

PI 1-1-4 Letter from James N. Rule to Mr. Samuel M. Goodyear, February 2, 1934.
Mr. Rule apparently is speaking on the behalf of the State Library in Harrisburg telling Mr. Goodyear that the materials mentioned by the Denny’s will be turned over to him.

PI 1-1-4a and PI 1-1-7 Letter probably also from Charles G. Beetem to Mr. Samuel M. Goodyear, March 19, 1934.
Asks Mr. Goodyear that if he writes to the Denny’s to find out if they have a graduating class photograph for the year 1916 as it was missing when the library acquired the collection and is the only year missing from the entire collection from 1889 to 1918.

PI 1-1-4b Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Samuel M. Goodyear, January 28, 1935.
Asks for any letters Mr. Goodyear has from the Denny’s to preserve in the library as part of the Carlisle room.

PI 1-1-5 Invoice of Carlisle Indian School Materials received from the State Museum, March 14, 1934.
Record of class photographs, athletic trophies, cards with photographs and essays, photograph of the band, 2 photo albums, and one long photograph of the school. Materials given to Jacob M. Goodyear for use in the Cumberland county historical society.

PI 1-1-6 Itemized Report of the Indian Art and Museum Material Received from the State Museum, March 14, 1934.
Contains descriptions of all materials turned over to the Cumberland County Historical Society from the State Museum in Harrisburg. Includes a biographical note on Cornplanter of the Seneca tribe, a.k.a. Gyantwachia, a.k.a. John O’Ball. Includes floor plan of potential exhibit.

PI 1-1-8 Letter from Charles G. Beetem, archivist, to Samuel M. Goodyear, July 30, 1935.
Letter is written in regards to the display of the materials and the extensive work done by Beetem to make them presentable and accessible while still preserving their integrity. It also mentions the potential arrival of new materials, the challenges of accommodating them, and suggestions for doing so.

PI 1-1-8a Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Merkel Landis, treasurer, July 30, 1935.
Copy of the letter sent to Goodyear. Probably sent to treasurer because of money spent on repairs and equipment to house the collection.

PI 1-1-9 Letter from Charles G. Beetem to the President and Directors of the Hamilton Library and Historical Association of Cumberland County, August 10, 1935.
Discusses the donations of Mrs. Naomi (Pratt) Hawkins to the library. Discusses the value of the donations and the necessity that the materials be displayed as they had been in storage and Mrs. Hawkins had agreed to part with them so that they could be of use to people. Makes the suggestions that publications be halted for a year to provide the funds for a small building in which to house the Indian school materials.

PI 1-1-10 Abstract from Mrs. Hawkins’ letter to Mr. Goodyear Describing donated articles, September 3, 1935.
Describes what must be donations to the library. They are Indian artifacts not related to the school directly except for part of Pratt’s uniform and a basket fragment.

PI 1-1-11 Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Mr. Goodyear, September 7, 1935.
Letter regarding the donations of Mrs. Hawkins. Suggestion that important communications be kept on file. Suggestion that a small annex be built to house collection. Mention of one of the articles Mrs. Hawkins listed (Cache blades, Chert by Algonquins) as not being accounted for and the suggestion that she be notified as they are probably valuable.

PI 1-1-12 Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Samuel M. Goodyear, October 12, 1935.
Discusses the placement of some of Mrs. Hawkins donations including a cabinet and a photograph of Pratt.

PI 1-1-13 Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Mr. Goodyear, February 5, 1936.
Acknowledges receipt of Indian photographs. Expresses his desire to file all letters from Mrs. Hawkins. Details of other projects Beetem was working on.

PI 1-1-14 Letter from Nana Pratt Hawkins to Mr. Samuel M. Goodyear, July 12, 1935.
List of materials Mrs. Hawkins offered to donate to the library. Advise in caring for the wool materials. She expresses her delight in the creation of a special room and her belief in Carlisle as the appropriate place for the materials. Includes envelope.

PI 1-1-15 Letter from Nana Pratt Hawkins to Samuel M. Goodyear, July 25, 1935.
Discusses the shipping of materials to the library at the cost of $10 to be paid by the library. Other items are in the process of being boxed for shipment. Expresses her belief that the picture of Pratt she is sending is a better representation of him while at Carlisle than the other picture currently held by the library. Mentions that the museum in Rochester wanted the items but that she felt Carlisle should have them. Requests that if the Carlisle room is ever abolished that the family be notified and the materials returned. Envelope included.

PI 1-1-16 Letter from Nana Pratt Hawkins to Samuel M. Goodyear, July 29, 1935.
Lengthy discussion including some description of materials sent to the library by Mrs. Hawkins. Includes reference to some of the care taken to preserve a few of the items. Envelope included.

PI 1-1-17. Letter from Nana Pratt Hawkins to Samuel M. Goodyear, August 10, 1935.
Regarding the glass china cabinet which was “injured” in transit. Includes envelope.

PI 1-1-18. Letter from Nana Pratt Hawkins to Samuel M. Goodyear, August 15, 1935.
Acknowledges receipt of complete list of donations Mrs. Hawkins made. Brief discussion of Pratt’s uniform and its display. Envelope included.

PI 1-1-19. Letter from Nana Pratt Hawkins to Samuel M. Goodyear, September 3, 1935.
Acknowledges receipt of copies of the Sentinel apparently mentioning the donations as proof of the need for fireproof housing for the library's valuable materials. Descriptions of some materials sent…same as PI 1-1-10. Includes envelope.

PI 1-1-20. Letter from Nana Pratt Hawkins to Samuel M. Goodyear, January 30, 1936.
Discusses the missing articles (cache blades, chert) which she believes were arrow heads, etc. Suggests the problem was in the naming done by the museum in Rochester, which has offered to clarify any problems in identification. Notes the sending of pages of school albums that had been missing because they were being used for Mrs. Eastman’s book, which she highly recommends.

PI 1-1-21. Thank you letter from Superintendent ? to Mr. J. Webster Henderson, October 10, 1911.
Thank you letter for membership in The Hamilton Library Association.

PI 1-1-22. Letter from Richard Henry Pratt to Dr. Charles F. Himes, January 26, 1910?.
Pratt discusses how he developed his concept of the “Indian problem” beginning with the prisoners in Florida. He talks about the use of the outing program in the assimilation process. He offers criticism about the changes that have occurred at the school, especially in regards to the teaching of Indian art. Envelope included.

PI 1-1-23. Letter from Richard Henry Pratt to Dr. Charles F. Himes, September 12, 1916.
Pratt makes brief mention of the Indian prisoners he dealt with in Florida, seemingly in response to a question posed by Dr. Himes. Pratt then goes on to thank Himes for his contributions to the school and includes parts of articles that had been written in the school publications about Himes’ lectures. During one of these lectures on lightning students were shocked to show them the power of electricity.

PI 1-1-24. Letter from Richard Henry Pratt to Dr. Charles F. Himes, October 7, 1916.
Discusses Pratt’s travels including a stop at a Society of American Indians convention and a visit to the Black Foot reservation where he met with former students. Due to a bad cold Pratt was unable to visit Carlisle as he had planned.

PI 1-1-25. Letter from Richard Henry Pratt to Dr. Charles F. Himes, October 16, 1916.
Pratt met with some former students in and near Rochester. Was sent a plaque by Himes. Sent Himes some clippings. Envelope included.

PI 1-1-26. Letter from Richard Henry Pratt to Dr. Charles F. Himes, January 12 (based on postmark).
Lengthy letter. Pratt discusses a Major General Milroy and his military career, including how Lincoln saved his career. Asks Himes to send him additional copies of some paper that he had sent Pratt on the school. Talks about his persistent illness. Discusses a meeting at Lake Mohawk. Envelope included. Writing difficult to read.

PI 1-1-27. Letter from Margaret (Seabrook) Kepner to Whom It May Concern, December 2, 1974.
Letter about a Dr. Alice M. Seabrook who taught at the school from 1884-1893 and who was encouraged by Pratt to become an M.D. Also about Margaret’s father’s farm and that of a neighbors the Zimmermans, where some Indians were sent on outing, including Annie Old Eagle. Appears as if she donated some materials but no mention of what.

PI 1-1-28. Letter from Mrs. John F. Brougher to Mr. Melvin M. Parrish, January 18, 1971.
Letter concerned research that Mr. Parrish was apparently doing on Seneca the football player. Includes excerpts from materials the CCHS had on the Seneca family children who attended Carlisle, Victor, Isaac, and Nancy. It includes the incidents of Victor’s death on return from a football game.

PI 1-1-29. Letter from Melvin M. Parrish to Mr. Roger Todd, December 26, 1970.
Asks for information on Isaac Seneca.

PI 1-1-30. Letter from Mrs. J. Beverley McPherson to Charles G. Beetem, March 12, 1934.
Discusses a Mary Campbell who it was believed was kidnapped from Cumberland County by the Delaware Indians. Not sure how relates to Indian school as the kidnapping supposedly occurred in 1759, over 100 years prior to the school's founding.

PI 1-1-31. Letter from Mrs. J. Beverley McPherson to Charles G. Beetem, March 22, 1934.
Further correspondence about Mary Campbell. Includes information from the Bureau of American Ethnography about the location of the Turtle Tribe of the Delaware Indians in the Cumberland County area.

PI 1-1-31a. History of Mary Campbell: The First White Child on the Western Reserve from Mrs. A. L. Sidnell to Mr. Charles Beetem, July 2, 1935.
Outlines the historical basis for the story of Mary Campbell as the first white child on the western reserve. Corroboration from relatives of the story. Her age at the time is the only main factor in question. Again, the relation to the Indian school is unknown.

PI 1-1-32. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Mr. Watson of Bowman’s on South Hanover Street in Carlisle, December 31, 1934.
Letter expressing interest in some cardboard illustrations used as a store display of blankets. Beetem interested in using them in the Indian room. Asks if the store is not willing to give them up if Mr. Watson could write to the manufacturer explaining what is being done in terms of the Indian room.

PI 1-1-33. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to William Homer Ames, January 28, 1935.
Memo stating the receipt of several cardboard illustrations of Indians from Bowman’s Department store, some reproductions of paintings from a tobacconist on Court House Avenue, and some oak file card cases from Edward C. Beetem.

PI 1-1-34. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Mr. Clark A. Bryan, February 7, 1935.
Letter regarding an Indian cave on the Conodoguinet near Carlisle. Is said to contain human bones but no extensive examination has ever been made of the cave. Suggests that it would be possible to illuminate it sufficiently from electricity at the boat landing and candles.

PI 1-1-35. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Robert L. Brunhouse, February 7, 1935.
Asks Mr. Brunhouse if he knows of any information about an Indian school graduate named Chauncey Yellow Robe, who attended the school from 1889-1897. Beetem had received a request for any references to him. Also mentions that the Indian room is almost ready to be opened.

PI 1-1-36. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Mr. C. F. Poole of York Springs, Pa., February 15, 1935.
Letter questioning Mr. Poole about some tables and chairs which he apparently is to be making for the Indian room. Beetem expresses some displeasure that the articles have not yet arrived and that there are still more to be made which is delaying the opening of the room.

PI 1-1-37. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to R.L. Brunhouse, February 21, 1935.
In regards to letter from Ruth A. Brown apparently about information on Yellow Robe. Progress of the Indian room. Enclosures not included.

PI 1-1-38. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Ruth A. Brown, February 21, 1935.
Informs Brown that Mr. Brunhouse located one speech given by Yellow Robe at the Augden Teacher’s Institute which was published in the February 18, 1897 edition of the Red Man.

PI 1-1-39. Letter from Gilbert to Homer, March 4, 1935.
Effort to complete the Indian room by Friday night’s meeting. Expresses delight at the look of the room so far and the color scheme. Surprising mention of a picture of “an almost nude Indian maiden supplicating the moon goddess” above the doorway. Notification of further materials needed to complete the furniture for the room.

PI 1-1-40. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Samuel M. Goodyear, March 7, 1935.
American Indian Room finished and an opening date can be announced at any time. Discusses the layout of the room in general. Beetem believes that all the library’s Indian materials are now housed in the room. Apologizes for the room not being completed sooner but that he was held up by other tasks.

PI 1-1-41. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Jacob M. Goodyear, March 15, 1935.
Suggests delaying paying the Library bills until all expenses are accounted for. Mention of other work besides the Indian room that was being done at the library which kept Beetem busy. Suggestions for how to accommodate school children viewing the room. Possible placement of Pratt’s picture above the hall door. Justification for reading table and chairs in the Indian room to aid their study. Rugs woven by Beetem for the floor.

PI 1-1-42. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Mr. R.L. Brunhouse, March 16, 1935.
Beetem’s enrollment in General Alumni Association from class of 1904. Enclosed (not included) an article from the Sentinel about an Indian College at Carlisle from March 13, 1935. Offer to donate 28 acres of land at the bend of the Conodoguinet for the establishment of an Indian college. Suggests getting in touch with any American Indian organization and Pratt’s daughter to work up interest in such a college at Carlisle.

PI 1-1-43. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Samuel M. Goodyear, July 8, 1935.
Discussion of the financial expenditures for the Indian room which totaled $56.15. Says that donations exceeded the Association’s expenditures. Requests prompt payment as he is short of cash. Brief list of other projects Beetem is now working on. Enclosures not included.

P 1-1-44. Letter from Charles G. Beetem to Samuel M. Goodyear, October 12, 1935.
Discussion of the placement of a cabinet sent by Mrs. Hawkins in the Indian room as well as the replacement of the old Pratt portrait in the room with the one sent by her. Enclosures not included.

PI 1-1-45. Letter from John C. Ewers to Mr. Roger K. Todd, May 23, 1975.
From the Smithsonian Institute requesting copies of some photos and a work believed to be the first published by Lone Star Dietz. Also question about a Richard Sanderville, a Piegan, who was a member of the 1889-1890 Blackfoot group at Carlisle and claimed to have played football there but of whom Ewers could find no record. Sanderville was influential on the reservation and told a story to FDR about playing Harvard, a game the president said he attended.

PI 1-1-46. Letter from John C. Ewers to Mr. Robert Steck, April 15, 1975.
Announcing his prospective trip to Carlisle and desire to look at more photographs of the school related to Dietz. Request for an obituary of Lone Star Dietz who died in Reading on July 20, 1964. Also would like to look at the Arrow for the period during which Dietz was at the school (1907/8-1915). Notes probably by Steck of volumes of publications that dealt with Dietz.

PI 1-1-47. Letter from ? to Masters Matthew and Wendell Jones, August 19, 1906.
Letter from a father to his boys. The father apparently travels a great deal and is anxious to see his boys again soon. The father recently made a trip to the Indian School. There is a wonderful account of the school from a visitor’s point of view. Discusses children playing, girls ironing, boys printing. Also talks about the history of the school grounds. Very much worth reading for a glimpse at a day at the school. Included is a letter from the widow of Wendell Jones dating from Dec. 8, 1988 when she copied the letter for her own use while visiting Carlisle.

PI 1-2. Letter from Richard Henry Pratt to the Honorable William E. Miller, Secretary of the Hamilton Library Association, February 11, 1908.
Pratt says that he was prompted to actually undertake the task of writing the article requested by the Association in light of the current attacks being made against non-reservation boarding schools. He feels that his view, as a key player in the establishment of such schools, should be considered before the schools are abandoned. He suggests pictures to be placed in the book. Makes suggestions for the distribution of the book, which would include all the members of Congress and various other government officials. Suggests that perhaps local businesses would help in the sale of the pamphlet as they have profited from the school.

Manuscript copy of Pratt’s article: “The Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, PA: It’s Origins, Progress and the Difficulties Surmounted.”
Begins by discussing how Pratt became interested in the Indians and how his career led to his close relationship leading up to the establishment of Carlisle. He then talks about the organizational process of founding Carlisle, including finding a location, recruiting the children, and acquiring supplies. The organization of the school, industrial and academic. Description of the disciplinary system. The use of students in the construction of buildings. Pratt’s comments on the allotment system. Religious training at the school. A detailed discussion of the outing system including the aggregate earnings of the students for three years. The influence of Carlisle in the establishment of other nonreservation schools. Pratt’s beliefs about the failure of these other schools. The exhibition of the Indian School at the Chicago World’s Fair and other notable occasions. Carlisle school not allowed to portray its principles at the Omaha and St. Louis exhibitions. Discusses the origin of the brass band and the development of the art program. Discusses the history of the land on which the school sat. Discussion of those who gave assistance to school including Dr. Cornelius R. Agnew and later his wife, Mrs. Joseph Laroucque, Miss Susan Longstreth, Miss Mary H. Brown, and Rev. W. H. Miller. The help of President Hayes and his Cabinet and President Arthur and his Secretary of the Interior, Mr. Teller. Discussion of Mr. Teller’s proposition of putting money into Indian education instead of suppressing hostilities. The establishment of a Board of Trustees in order to deal with donations, including the members of the group. Appreciation for Senator H.L. Dawes and his support of the school in Congress. Expressions of appreciation for several others Dr. M. B. Anderson, President Seelye of Amherst College, General Eaton. Defense of Pratt as the originator of Carlisle, not General Armstrong of Hampton Institute. Pratt’s views on current methods for helping those in need including a comparison with Japan’s system. Discussion of those who have been against Carlisle including missionaries and ethnologists. The growth of the non-reservation boarding school and support of such schools, especially Carlisle by certain Indian agents. English fluency frowned upon by government because Indians better able to understand what the government was up to. Pratt’s ideas about what will bring an end to the Indian problem.

PI 1-3 Sketch book of Alvan Good Boy.
Sketch book was disassembled in 1988. First sketch of buffalo herd. Second of Indians on horseback with warpaint. Third of Indians on a hunt. Fourth of Indians on horseback in full regalia. Fifth also of Indians on horseback in full regalia. Sixth, a continuation of fifth. Seventh, Indians on horseback with small teepees in foreground.

PI 1-3a Drawing by various Indian school students.
Maps of the continents and the United States. Dog. Flowers and butterfly. Goats and bird. Bear. Taylor F. Ealy-Pueblo/Zuni boy with horse and other Indian shooting arrows. Indian with gun meets a bear. PI 1-3-13 flag. Hunter and buffalo by Henry J. Bear. Goat and birds by Charley M. Chickeny. Hunter and buffalo by Taylor F. Ealy.

Indian Artwork before 1900 – Plains Indian Tradition PI 1-3 Folder 1
Map of North America by Elhanah G. Dawson. Map of South America by Ernie Black. Map of Africa by Samson Foster. Map of United States by Watson W. Penn, Osage. PI 1-3-7 Drawing of bear by J. H. Givan. PI 1-3-8 Drawing of birds and a goat by Charley M. Chickeny. Map of Asia by Van Hom(?). PI 1-3-10 Drawing of ostrich by Jack Matten (?). Map of Africa. Map of United States. PI 1-3-12 Drawings of goats and a bird. Map of Europe. PI 1-3-14 Drawing of hawk or eagle by Odlelah, Apache. Map of Africa. PI 1-3-17 Drawing of cow by Sam L. Checote. PI 1-3-18 Drawing of crow or hawk by Charles M Chickeny. PI 1-3-20 Drawings of Owl, cow, goat, and hawk by Moses Livingston, Sissiton. PI 1-3-21 Drawing of bird by Irvine Chodque. PI 1-3-26 Drawing of cows by Esapoyhet, Comanche. PI 1-3-27 Drawing of goats, gazelles (?).- drawings of goats, cow, and a sheep by Elieb (?) Yellow man, Arapahoe. Drawing of dog by Carl Pinquodle, Kiowa.- PI 1-3-46 Drawing of flowers and butterfly. * Pictures some repeats of other folder of drawings.

PI 1-3 Folder 2 Indian Artwork before 1900 – Plains Indian Tradition
Sketchbook presented to Susan Longstreth by Charlie Dagenett, Peoria Indian from the Quapaw Agency, Indian Territory.
Map of the Siege of Charleston, 1780. Drawing of George Washington “Father of his Country”. Map of the Surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga. Map of the Siege of Suvannah. Map of the Capture of Ticonderoga. Map of the Battle of Long Island. Map of the Battle of Guilford C. H. Map of the Battle of Princeton, Jan. 3, ’77. Map of the Battle of Trenton, Dec. 25, ’76. Map of the Siege of Yorktown.

PI 1-4-1 Eadle Keatah Toh Vol. 1 No. 4 + 5.

Volume 4: An extract from the report of the Commission which concluded the treaty of 1875 with the Sioux for the relinquishment of the Black Hills written by Senator Allison and General Terry. Expresses the necessity of educating the Indians to remove them from barbarism. Earlier efforts have been successful and now ones are needed for other tribes like the Sioux.
Article on the girls not wanting to go camping in tents and the view that students should come to detest their old life so much that they will do everything to prevent returning to it. Some statistics on the number of Indian children and the percentages receiving education.
Article by A.J.S.(probably Mr. Standing) arguing against granting universal citizenship to the Indians because most are not ready to assume the responsibility and could be taken greater advantage of than is already been done with less hope of protection under the law.
Article arguing in favor of Indian training schools away from home influences, but also recognizes the need for agency schools for primary instruction. – Cheyenne Transporter
Extract from the speech of Hon. Frank E. Belzhoover of PA on the Ute bill, delivered in the House of Representatives at Washington, June 9. Expresses his believe that it has been partially due to the white’s treatment of the Indian that he has not been able to raise himself up and that if the Indian would be placed under the forces of civilization, he will respond.
Small article on the end of the school year. Encouragement at the change in the students from when they first came.

Volume 5: A report to the House of Representatives from the Indian Committee will answer many questions asked us as to the intent of the Carlisle School. 46 Cong 2 Sess Report 752. Report submitted by Mr. Pound. Deals with treaty stipulations for education among several nomadic tribes. Plan of using vacant military posts to defray costs. Efforts for Industrial Education, mention of those already in existence at Hampton and Carlisle. Discussion of Carlisle as an example of proposed efforts. The apparent success of the school after a visit by a committee including the Secretary of the Interior.
Article on the work at the school up to the date of the article. The names and numbers of tribes who have sent children. Effort at English education. Industrial training for boys and girls. Academic work. Success so far. Table included shows tribes, number of students, boys and girls, sent to school also those who were sent home or died, and then total currently attending.
Article refuting the idea that the success of work at Carlisle discourages the effort at Hampton. Working for the same purpose and acknowledges the role of Hampton at helping to start the process.
HOME ITEMS: New staff, addition of wagon and paint shop, boys made bows and arrows while camping, boys happy to be back in quarters, instruction of band continues, hospital has some inmates, satisfactory results from work on farm, Pueblo children to be given special instruction, girls now camping, John Renville’s father notified of his death but still supports school, boys have reading and study rooms and have asked for an organ, long walk to camp and To-kah-ah-puh, son of Black Crow, one of first to make it while many older boys complained and had trouble.
A.J. Standing married Annie Wilson.
Rev. Sheldon Jackson D.D. who was bringing Pueblo children to the school had trouble on the trip east because of storms that washed out railroad bridges.
Some boys returned early from camping trip without permission. The younger to later returned to camp while the older two did not.
Obituary of John Renville who died at the school.
Article about a group of Sioux chiefs who came East to visit their children at Carlisle and Hampton and to talk about building a railroad at Washington. Summaries from speeches made by various chiefs at Hampton are included.

PI 1-4-1 Eadle Keatah Toh Vol. 1 No. 4 + 5.

PI 1-4-2 The Indian Helper Vol XII No. 33 Friday, May 28, 1897.
Poem- “Mother Earth’s Four Quilts”
Story of Zintka Lanuni, an Sioux Indian baby who survived a battle with U.S. troops in which both her parents died. She was adopted by Colonel Colby and his wife and is being raised as their child. She will be looked to for proof of how an Indian raised in civilization can turn out.
Appointments of some people to other Indian schools. The election of senior class officers. The performance of a former student in an orchestra and the performance of a current student at a local high school commencement. Visit by the singer Madam Marie Decca. General report of girls on outing, including one brought in with pneumonia. Several other anecdotes including some about the progress of industrial and agricultural work at the school.
Story of the baseball game against Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg.
Comments by W.J.T. on Canadian Indian policy.
Word puzzle.

PI 1-4-3 The Indian Helper Vol. II No. 4, Friday June 3, 1887.
Poem – “Strength for To-day”
Story about two Indian girls discussing the problems they will encounter when they go home for the summer and the difficulty of keeping to the civilized ways. The determine to stick to them and to help influence the people at home by doing so.
Comments about Buffalo Bill’s Indians.
Argument in favor of education.
Question for debate.
Quotations
Updates on a few people.
Various other anecdotes, sayings, etc.
Word puzzle and answer to last week’s puzzle.

PI 1-4-4 The Indian Helper Vol XIV No. 37, Friday July 7, 1899.
Poem – “Keep Well”
Article on the evil of alcohol
Updates on different students
Visit from Dr. Charles and Elaine Eastman and family.
Article about a spilled barrel of candy that attracted quite a bit of attention from the newsboys in Pittsburgh.
Small article on sensible dress by the girls.
Other anecdotes, etc.

PI 1-4-4 The Indian Helper Vol XIII No 17, Friday February 11, 1898.
Poem – “God’s Best”
Tips on looking for employment
Other advise
News on students, former students and friends of the school.
Punishment for two girls who set fire to the girls’ quarters.
Evils of alcohol
Summary of lecture by Sam Jones on the effects of heredity and environment

PI 1-4-4 The Indian Helper Vol XIV No. 29, Friday May 12, 1899.
Poem – “Clovers”
Pratt’s reflections on meeting with Filipinos
Updates on some former students
End of epidemic and quarantine
Student sent to the Pennsylvania Reformatory at Huntingdon
Comments on death of Thomas Marshall
Death of former student Albert McCarthy
Death of former student Nellie Tyndall
Death of former student Emma Red Bird
Dates of future ball games
Word puzzle.

stayed Friday July 21, 1899

PI 1-4-4. The Indian Helper Vol. XIV No. 39, Friday July 21, 1899.
Poem – “What to Do”
Account from teachers at the Indian Teachers’ Institute and National Education Association conventions. Also from various other teachers away at schools for the summer.
Updates on former students. Including the death of Christina Redstone from consumption who entered second grade at Carlisle in 1890.
First legal Apache marriage on the reservation at San Carlos, Arizona.
Boys on outing in New Jersey
United States Indian Band information
Sayings and word puzzle

PI 1-4-4. Indian Helper Vol. XIV No. 30 Friday May 19, 1899.
Poem – “The Song of the Printer”
Article by Mrs. E.G. Platt on the poetic nature of the Indian
Updates on former students. Including info on boys enlisted in the military, memorial services for Thomas Marshall, students under quarantine for a few weeks were released
Letter from Mrs. Shaffner Etnier apparently on a trip to Puerto Rico.

PI 1-4-5. The Carlisle Arrow Vol.VI No. 17, December 31, 1909.
Article on “The Effect of Training at the Government Indian School at Carlisle: Part 1.” Discusses the steps that led to the school at Carlisle including the history of the spot. The chain of command that governs the school. How students are chosen to attend. Rule as to transfer from one non reservation school to another.
Anecdotes about Christmas from 5 different students.
Description of the Christmas celebration at Carlisle including the student entertainment which drew the holiday to a close.
Article by Francis Coleman on his trip to Phoenixville.
General school news including the return of Jim Thorpe to spend Christmas at the school. He also brought some new students with him.

School News. Vol. 1 No. 3, August 1880.
Article by John Downing on the camp at Warm Springs.
Editorial by Samuel Townsend, Pawnee about why the Indians should work and go to school.
General news about visitors, etc.
Articles by Mary North, Arapahoe; Josie Vetter, Iowa; Joshua A. Given.

School News. Vol. 1 No. 4, September 1880.
Article by Roman Nose on his trip to New York and happiness at being back at school.
Editorial by Samuel Townsend about the benefits of education.
Article about some of the boys going to the circus.
Articles by Anna Raven, Arapahoe; Joe Vetter, Iowa; Elwood Dorian, Iowa; Edward Upright.

School News. Vol. 1 No. 5, October 1880.
Article on Roman Nose’s trip to Indian Territory.
Editorial by Samuel Townsend on the interaction both positive and negative of whites and Indians.
General news.

School News. Vol. 1 No. 7, December 1880.
Article by H.C. Roman Nose on his experiences in Florida at Ft. Marion. Part 1.
Editorial by Samuel Townsend about English proficiency.
General news.
Anonymous article about Apache resistance to white encroachment.

School News. Vol. 1 No. 8, January 1881.
Part 2 of article by H.C. Roman Nose on his experiences in Florida and elsewhere.
Editorial by Samuel Townsend on how students can influence other when return home and necessity of hard work to succeed.
General news including arrival of new students.
Letter by Ben Marshall taken from the Indian Journal Muskogee I. T.
Article by Michael Burns, Apache, on his excitement about geography.
Article by Luther Standing Bear, Sioux, about his visit to Baltimore.
Article by Ruth, Sioux, cannot be read due to damage to paper.

School News. Vol. 1 No. 10, March 1881.
Final part of article by Henry C. Roman Nose on his experiences and his reflection on them.
Sophie Rachel, Nez Perces, experience on outing.
Parts of letters from various students: Frank Twist, Sioux; Joseph Wisacoby, Menomonee; Luther Standing Bear, Sioux; Katie La Croix, Yankton Sioux; Nellie Cary, Apache; Elwood Dorian, Iowa.

School News. Vol. 1 No. 11, April 1881.
Article “What Michael Burns, An Apache Boy Thinks on the Indian Question.”
Editorial by Samuel Townsend on “Do the Indians Want to Learn to Take Care of Themselves?”
Benefits of English.
General news
Letter from Lizzie Walton, Pawnee, to her uncle about her trip to Philadelphia.
“Magic Lantern Views as Seen by Ada Bent, Cheyenne.”

School News. Vol. II No. 2, July 1881.
Letter from Virginia Oequa from her outing home.
Editorial on the shooting of President Garfield by Samuel Townsend.
Article about students on outing and how they should not be lazy.
Article by Robert W. Stewart, Creek, wishing President Garfield well.
General news including a bit about a 4th of July trip to Philadelphia.
Letters from students who went to Philadelphia including: Ruth Mather, Sioux; Celia Pickard, Wichita; Hope, Sioux; Julie Bent, Cheyenne.
Letter from Maggie Standslooking who was out on outing.
Letter from Minerva, Cheyenne who was out on outing.

School News. Vol. II No. 3, August 1881.
Article by Michael Burns “An Apache Boy Tells What He Thinks About Work.”
New editor is Charles Kihega, Iowa.
Short statement dispelling rumor that school was to be moved to Lawrence, Ka.
Article – “Indians Want More Schools.”
Two anecdotal articles.
Visit by some Sioux chiefs.
General news.
Article by Justine La Fromboise “The Girls Take a Walk Out to the Farm.”
Comment by John Menaul, Pueblo, on the death of his friend Frank Cushing.

School News. Vol. II No. 5, October 1881.
Article by an Arapahoe girl “Good Words: Let Us Try and Talk the English Language All We Can.”
Letter from Julie Bent, Cheyenne, to her teacher.
Editorial by Charles Kihega on work.
Article on 2 year anniversary of school by Michael Burns.
General news.
Letter from Sophie Rachel to her brother about talking English.

School News. Vol. II No. 7, December 1881.
Letter from Reuben Quick Bear to a friend on how he feels about talking English.
Article by A.E.V. McKellop.
Article by Sarah, Creek, on the cooking school.
Article by Rosalie Ross, Cherokee, on English speaking night.
General news.
Extracts from students’ diaries: Lucius Aitson, Kiowa; Geoffrey, Sioux; Joe Gunn, Ponca; Edgar, Sioux; Lucius, Kiowa; Peter Charko.
Article about Christmas.
Article commenting about the discussion of the hemispheres in geography and the discrepancy felt by some of the boys over whether or not the western hemisphere should be considered “new.”
Article by anonymous student on a battle in Indian territory.
Letter from Ruth Sioux to her father.

School News. Vol. II No. 10, March 1882.
Article about the students’ trip to Philadelphia by Dessie Prescott.
Article on the ills of tobacco
Letter from some boys at the Camp Wright Indian Boarding School in California and a response by Ellis Childers, Creek.
General news
Excerpts from boys’ diaries: Robert American Horse, Sioux; Eugene Tah-kah-puer; Aitson, Kiowa.
Article on Chapel exercises: theme seems to have been work
Letter from Joseph B. Harris, Gros Ventre age 9, to father.
Article by Grace Cook, Sioux, on a story she read
Letter from Julian Whistler, Sioux, to his uncle.
Article by Stella, 11, after returning from Philadelphia
Letter from E. Myres, Pawnee, who was on outing

School News. Vol. II No. 12, May 1882.
Article by Michael Burns, Apache, on determination and perseverance.
Short letters from Libbie Standing and Joe Big Wolf to parents.
Article on Ralph Eagle Feather’s, Sioux, speech at the Sunday evening prayer meeting on what the Indians need to do.
Article on boys serving as interpreters for their tribes
Excerpts from diaries: Cleaver, Arapahoe; Geoffrey, Sioux; Rebecca; Marel.
Article by Maggie on the Lapps.
Letter from Blotfnhunka Tanka to Res’d Porcupine Woman asking that she come home because her grandmother is sick. Response from Hattie Red Porcupine.
Two very brief letters from boys on outing. No names given.

School News. Vol. III No. 3, August 1882.
Letter from the editor, Charles Kihega, on his trip home.
Letter from Metopah, Osage age 12. (female)
Very brief letters from Taylor Ealy, Pueblo, and Frank Everett, Wichita.
Letters from several students: Fletcher, Cheyenne; Carl Matches; Mabel, Kiowa; Josie Vetter, Iowa; anonymous; Clarence, Sioux; Joe Vetter.

School News. Vol. III No. 5, October 1882.
Article by Frank D. Aveline on his visit to Girard College
Letter from Ponca Chief White Eagle to his son Frank.
Editorial on William Penn’s kindness to Indians.
Letter from an anonymous female Nez Perce on outing.
General news
Article by T. Ealy on visit to Philadelphia
Article by Josie Vetter on visit to Deaf Mute Asylum in Philadelphia
Very brief article by James Bell on visit to Philadelphia
Article by Celia, Wichita, on a call to a Quaker lady while in Philadelphia
Article by S.C. (female?) on visit to Philadelphia

School News. Vol. III No. 6, November 1882.
Letter from Harriet Mary to Miss Hyde.
Article by Minnie Atkins, Creek, on the trip to Philadelphia
Editorial on the wall between whites and Indians
Article by Samuel D. Bausley, Pottawatomie, on his journey to Carlisle
General news including numbers of students on outing.
Article on Luke Phillips’s speech at the York County Teachers Institute
Letter from Billey Conepacho, Seminole, to Captain R.H. Pratt.

School News. Vol. III No. 7, December 1882.
Article by Henry North – “What I Learned in Lancaster County This Summer”
Article about Christmas celebration
Letter from Calvin Red Wolfe to his father
General news including death of Alfred, Wichita.
Article – “What Joseph Wiscoby Remembers of Prof. Apgar’s Lecture”
Letter from Doty Seward to Captain Pratt
Letter from Justine La Fromboise, Sisseton Sioux, to “School Mother”

School News. Vol. III No. 9, February 1883.
Article – “Indian Story by Joshua Given, Kiowa”
Letter from Louis Big Horse, Osage, to his father.
Article on why the Indians could not keep their lands
Article on saving money
General news
Article on the renting of Indian lands to whites
Letter from John Menaul
Letter from Harriet to Captain Pratt
Letter from John Shields

School News. Vol. III No. 10, March 1883.
Article by Captain Daniel Childers, written by E.B. Childers on his experiences.
Editorial responding to the question “What are you going to do when you get an education?”
Article by H. North “Work Out Your Own Living”
Article on visitors from Washington D.C.
Article by Luke Philips on a speech by visitor Michael Toner, a mute.
General news.
Letter from Eugene Talkahpuer, Commanche, while on outing in NJ
Article by Louis Big Horse on his visit to Pittsburgh
Letter from Lucius A. Phillips to Captain Pratt

School News. Vol. III No. 12, May 1883.
Letter from Van Horn on his travels
Article by Howard Chawhip on a sermon he heard at a country church
General news including a summary of Secretary Teller’s speech on the Indian question
Article by Rachel Checote – “A Lesson from a Bear”
Article by Sarah Crowell – “Some of the Things Our Girls Do in the Country”
Anonymous article – “A Little Country Boy in Trouble”
Article by Henry North – “Whiskey: A Curse”
Article on how the Indians should stop relying on others
Article by George Baker, Kaw. and Elkanah C. Dawson, Cheyenne on their examination.

PI 1-5 Commencement invitations and tickets
PI 1-5-1899 Invitation to Twentieth Anniversary and Eleventh Graduating Exercises of the Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. Feb 28 & March 1,2, 1899. Program and list of graduating students with tribe.

PI 1-5-1899 Ticket for commencement exercises

PI 1-5-1902 Invitation to Twenty-third Anniversary and Fourteenth Graduating Exercises of the Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. Feb. 5 & 6, 1902. Program. Includes envelope addressed to Eugene P. Drake and Family and larger envelope addressed to Eugene P. Drake Pennington, Penna.

PI 1-5-1902 Invitation to Twenty-third Anniversary and Fourteenth Graduating Exercises of the Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. Feb. 5 & 6, 1902. Includes envelope addressed to Mr. Edward Herman, New Kingston, Pa.

PI 1-5-1904 Ticket for 1904 commencement exercises. Includes envelope addressed to Mr. H.E. Wertz, Quincy, Pa.

PI 1-5-1906 Ticket for 1906 Commencement exercises.

PI 1-5-1910 Invitation to the Commencement Exercises on March 27 to 31, 1910.

PI 1-5-1911 Ticket for 1911 Commencement exercises.

PI 1-5-1918 Invitation to the Commencement Exercises on June 2 to 6, 1918. Program.

PI 1-6 Commencement

PI 1-6-1897 Program of the 18th Anniversary and 9th Graduating Exercises of the Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. March 11, 1897. Program listings including student performances. Picture of the graduating class.

PI 1-6-1896 Program of the 17th Anniversary and 8th Graduating Exercises of the Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. February 27, 1986. Program listings including student performances. Quotations about the Indian.

PI 1-6-1900 Program of Commencement for Class of 1900. March 15, 1900. Picture of class. Program listings including student performances. School colors. Name of graduating students with tribe. Words to school song.

PI 1-6-1901 Program of Commencement Exercises of Indian School. Carlisle, Pa. March 14, 1901. Picture of graduating class. Program listings including student performances. Names of graduating students with tribe. Words to “Song of the Flag”.

PI 1-6-1903 Program of Carlisle Indian School Commencement of 1903. 15th Commencement and the 24th Year of the Indian Industrial School Carlisle, Pa. February 10 to 12, 1903. School Motto. Names of the graduating class with tribe and picture. Program listings including student performances. Class motto and colors. History and purpose of school. Statistical information. Words to “Evening Song”

PI 1-6-1903 Commencement Week Announcements at the Indian School, Carlisle, Pa. 1903

PI 1-6-1904 Commencement Program of Indian School Carlisle, Pa. 1904. Quotation. Picture of graduating class with names and tribe. Class motto and colors. Program listing including student performances. Words to “Song of a Thousand Years”. Statistical information.

PI 1-6-1905 Commencement Program of the Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. Pictures of industries: carpenters, laundry, sloyd, tailors, printing office. Pictures of groups: standards, graduating class, band, Y.M.C.A., Susan Longstreth Literary Society. Pictures of buildings: campus, school building, girls’ quarters and band stand, shops, boys’ quarters. Picture of graduating class of 1905. Pictures of athletics: gymnastic exercises girls, interior gymnasium – basket ball, Indian club drill, base ball, football. Pictures of boys in the country on outing. Pictures of girls in the country on outing.

PI 1-6-1906 Commencement Program of the United States Indian School, Carlisle, Pa. Before and after picture. Picture of Hon. E. Hitchcock, Secretary of the Interior. Program listings including student performances. Names of graduating class with tribe. Class motto and colors. Picture of graduating class of 1906. Picture of a representative first party. Pictures of buildings: school building, campus, girl’s quarters and band stand, shops, boy’s quarters. Picture of outdoor lesson. Picture of a part of campus showing girls playing croquet. Pictures of groups: graduating class, standards, band, Y.M.C.A., Susan Longstreth Literary Society. Pictures of athletics: Interior gymnasium – basket ball, gymnastic exercises – girls, Indian club drill, base ball, foot ball. Pictures of industries: sloyd, carpenters, laundry, tailors, printing office. List of students who have completed an Industrial course including name of course, name of student and tribe. Program listings including student performances. Pictures of girls on outing: kitchen scene, flower gardening, dining room scene, at home on the veranda, country schoolhouse. Pictures of boys on outing: cultivating corn, Indian boys country home, harvesting, operating field rake, dairy hands. Pictures of Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Hon. Frances E. Leupp and Superintendent Major W.A. Mercer, 11th Cavalry.

PI 1-6-1907 Program for Commencement Exercises of the United States Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. April 4, 1907. Picture of Francis E. Leupp, Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Program listings including student performances. Names of graduating students with tribe. Class motto and colors. Picture of graduating class and names. Pictures of industries: sloyd, carpenters, laundry, tailors, printing office. Lists of students who have completed an Industrial course including name of course, name of student and tribe. Four day program April 1 to 4. Pictures of boys on outing: Indian boys country home, cultivating corn, harvesting, operating field rake, dairy hands. Pictures of buildings: school building, campus, girls’ quarters and band stand, shops, boys’ quarters. Picture of Superintendent Major W.A. Mercer, 11th Cavalry. Picture of Leupp Indian Art Studio. Words to School Song.

PI 1-6-1908 Program for Commencement Exercises of the United States Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. April 2, 1908. Class Motto. Picture of Superintendent Moses Friedman. Program listings including student performances. Picture of Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Hon. Francis E. Leupp. Picture of Charles H. Dickson, Supervisor-in-Charge until April 1, 1908. Names of graduating class with tribe. Class motto and colors. Picture of graduating class with names. Five day program March 29-April 2. Lists of students who have completed an Industrial course including name of course, name of student and tribe. Panoramic picture of grounds. Words to graduation song. Words to “America”

PI 1-6-1910 Program for Commencement Exercises of the United States Indian School, Carlisle, Pa. March 27 to 31, 1910. School colors. Class colors and mottoes for all 4 classes. Program for Commencement week. Picture of campus looking south. Program for Baccalaureate Services. Picture of graduating class of 1910. Announcement of performance of “The Captain of Plymouth”. Program for exercises in the gymnasium. Track and field and exhibition lacrosse game date and time. Program listings for graduation exercises. Names and tribe of graduating class. Names of students receiving certificates of proficiency in bookkeeping. Names of students receiving industrial certificates with industry. Picture of ex-Carlisle student’s home in Alaska. Picture of campus looking north. Important facts concerning the Carlisle Indian School, including statistics. Program for performance of “The Captain of Plymouth.” Name of tribes represented in the printing department.

PI 1-6-1911 Program for Commencement Exercises of the United States Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. March 26 to 31, 1911. Class colors and mottoes for all four classes. Schedule for commencement week. Picture of Academic Hall. Picture of graduating class of 1911. Program for Baccalaureate services. Program for Union Meeting of Christian Associations. Program for Exercises in Gymnasium. Program for Exercises on Campus. Schedule for track and field and lacrosse game. Program for band concert. Program for graduation exercises. Names of graduating class with tribe. Names with tribe of those receiving certificate from business department. Names of pupils receiving industrial certificates with name of industry. Picture of home of Class of ’90 graduate D.W. Wheelock in West Depere, Wisconsin. Picture of home of Class of 1894 graduate Mrs. Ida Warren Tobin, White Earth, Minnesota. Important facts concerning the Carlisle Indian School, including statistical information. Tribes represented in the printing staff.

PI 1-6-1913 Program for Graduation Exercises of the Carlisle Indian School. April 3, 1913. Program listings including student performances. Names and tribes of students in graduating class. Names of students with tribe receiving certificate from business department. Class colors and mottoes of all four classes. Names of pupils receiving industrial certificates with name of industry. Sketch of unidentified Indian in native dress.

PI 1-7 Commencement programs for concert and operetta programs

PI 1-7-9 Program for operetta “The Captain of Plymouth” by the students of the Carlisle Indian School as part of the commencement exercises, 1909.

PI 1-7-10 Program for operetta “The Captain of Plymouth” by the students of the Carlisle Indian School. Commencement 1910.

PI 1-7-11 Program for band concert for Commencement March 29, 1911. Picture of band. Claude Maxwell Stauffer, conductor. Names of students and instrument(s) played.

PI 1-7-13 Program for band concert for Commencement April 1, 1913. Picture of band. Claude Maxwell Stauffer, conductor. Names of students and instrument(s) played.

PI 1-8-2 Notebook of Rev. George Diffenderfer.

PI 1-8-2 List of students compiled while out west recruiting new students. Includes names, sex, supposed dates attended school, and occasionally comments regarding the student. Also names and ages of prospective students.

PI 1-8-2a Sampling of notes from Diffenderfer’s notebook.

PI 1-8-6 Supplement to the Arrow Vol. II No. 31
Picture of 1906 graduating class with names and tribes.

PI 1-8-14 Names of Graduates of the Carlisle Indian School from 1889 to 1913. Published in 1914.
Name of student with tribe and address for each graduating class. Marks of deceased where applicable.

PI 1-8-89-15 Indian School Catalogue and Synopsis of Course, 1915.
Statistical information. Outline of grade courses for 4th to 8th grade. Floor plan of Model Home Cottage. Outline of courses in agriculture, mechanic arts, home economics. List of graduates of the Carlisle Indian School, 1889 to 1915 with name, tribe, and address. Class summary of each year of number of students living and dead.

PI 1-8-17 Yearbook
Yearbook/memory book. Spaces for name, tribe, home address, age, entered Carlisle School, Chums, Favorite Girl, Favorite Boy, Favorite Song, Favorite Book, Favorite Colors, Favorite Spot Around Carlisle, Favorite Flower, Favorite Musical Instrument, Favorite Sport or Amusement, Favorite Maxim or Motto, Favorite Walk, Highest Ambition, Most Exciting Experience, What is Love?, What are you going to do after you are through school?, Memoriam. 45 entries.

PI 1-8-17 Roster of Students January 1, 1917.
Name and tribe of students. Divided into boys and girls. Alphabetized by first name.

PI 2-1 Eleventh Annual Report of the Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa. 1890
Addressed to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs by Pratt
Includes a historical sketch of the origins of the school, the goal of the school, the outing system with yearly earnings, industrial education, academic education, number of new students from each tribe received, Normal Department as a postgraduate course, second graduation, students attending regular schools, religion. Table giving number from each tribe, number of new pupils from the tribe, number returned to agencies, number who died, number remaining at school, and number on farms. Difficulties students face when return home and suggestions for how to combat this. How some former students are now doing. Suggestions for how Indian education should be run.
“Carlisle Indian School: Its Foundation Principles, As Expounded in Its Annual Reports From 1881 to 1890.” Includes a quote from each year’s annual report outlining the school's purpose. Some of the subjects addressed are the failure of the government to provide education as promised to the Indians, the importance of submersion for assimilation, and the benefits of the outing system.

PI 2-1-1909 Annual Report for the Year Ending June 30, 1909. by Friedman
Friedman sent students under 14 home, partially in order to make the school more like a finishing school. Connection of current students with former students or graduates. General good health of the student body and the reasons for it. Hospital, optical, and dental care. Academic instruction. Normal department. Business department. Agricultural Department. Educational Industrial and Agricultural Museum. Carpenter Shop, Mason and Tin Shops, Blacksmith and Wagon Shops, Mechanical Drawing, Paint and Harness Shops, Shop Warehouse, Scope of Production. Tables of the amount of work done in each of the industrial departments including the monetary value of the work. The Farm, Dairy, Orchard, Poultry Culture, Piggery. The Carlisle Indian Press. Native Indian Arts, Indian History and Folklore. The Calendar. The Campus. Free Lectures and Entertainments. The cost of Carlisle in comparison to other schools. Table of appropriations for the support of nonreservation schools during the past 15 years. Table on the average per capita cost at Carlisle with the average of all other nonreservation schools over the past 15 years. Table of the overall average per capita maintenance costs of nonreservation schools in existence for at least 15 years and a separate table for those in existence for less than 15 years. The Outing System. Athletics. Commencement. Music. Office records. Higher education. Monetary benefit of educating the Indian with statistical data of occupations of former students. Census of students of school 1908-1909 showing tribe and number of boys and girls. Index.

Pictures: Flag salute, Operating room of school hospital, boys’ ward of school hospital, typewriting class, Indian crafts, library, class room, Indians attending public schools, composing room of Carlisle Indian Press, blacksmith shop, mechanical drawing room, paint shop, tin shop, building of school warehouse, harness shop, bench work in carpentry, cement walk laying, mason’s shop, graduating class of 1909, girl on outing, girl in Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, boys on outing, graduation exercises, principal actors in “The Captain of Plymouth”, gym, Nez Perce Camp, Nez Perce student’s home, class entering and then leaving,

PI 2-1-1910 Annual Report for year ending 6/30/1910. M. Friedman, Supt.
Description of the student body. General health of the student body. Telegraphy department. Business department. Educational museum. Course of study. Practical training in the Fundamentals. Industrial departments. Agriculture. Improvements. Reports of bakery, blacksmith shop, carpenter shop, heating and plumbing departments, harness shop, masonry department, painting department, printing department, sewing department, stone crusher, shoe shop, tailor shop, wheelwrighting department, “first” farm, “second” farm, dairy, and poultry department. Students Work Their Way – contributions of students to the school. Office records. Religious teaching. Nationalizing the Indians. Outing system - including table of students on outing in a specific trade. Commencement - including 6 day program and list of speakers. Summary of the Record of Living Graduates- including three tables #1-Employed by U.S. Government and #2-In Business, Professions, and the Industries and #3-Distribution of Graduates. Preliminary information on former students but nongraduates. Census of Students for 1909-1910 including number of boys and girls from each tribe.
Pictures: School entrance, graduating class of 1910, pupils ready to return home, home of C.M. Sickles ’98, office of C.M. Sickles, students on outing, home of ex-student in Alaska, home of ex-student on Onandoga reservation in New York, William Hazlett ’95 and family, home of William Hazlett at Fort Cobb in Oklahoma.

PI 2-1-1911 Annual Report for the year ending 6/30/1911. M. Friedman, Supt.
Superintendent’s commentary on the progress and current state of the American Indian. Carlisle graduates as teachers of their people- includes information on former students. Carlisle graduates n the profession – including information on former students. The Carlisle boy in farming and the trades – including information on former students. Carlisle graduates compete with whites – including information on former students. Carlisle graduates leaders among their people – including information on former students. Carlisle graduates in business for themselves – including information on former students.
Carlisle girls and their influence- including information on former students. Report in the form of tables on the occupations of graduates and ex-students. Enrollment. Summer school vacation leave. Cooperation with the state. Bible study. Free lectures and entertainments. The Carlisle plan makes for independent citizenship. Story of the outing system. Industrial Training Results in Unprecedented Production. Reports of “second” farm, “first” farm, bakery, blacksmith shop, carpenter shop, heating and plumbing department, dairy, masonry department, painting department, printing department, sewing department, stone crusher, shoe shop, tailor shop, wheelwright department, poultry department, laundry, tin shop, florist, vegetable garden, business department, total value of products from industrial departments. Index.
Pictures: Homes of Omaha Indians who attended Carlisle, girls on outing, homes of ex-students, outing students, home of Dennison Wheelock ’90, group of graduates and returned students at commencement 1911, Omaha Indians from Carlisle in business, Superintendent Friedman, Day School No. 27 on the Pine Ridge reservation, Homes of Omahas educated at Carlisle, Thomas King and family, John Frost and family, Homes of ex-students, Home and family of Benjamin Caswell ’92, Homes of Carlisle graduates, Carlisle boys on outing, Home of the Warrens, Home of James F. Johnson ’01, Home of William Petoskey, Home of William White.

PI 2-1-1912 Annual Report for the year ending June 30, 1912. M. Friedman, Supt.
Overall purpose and progress made by the Carlisle Indian School. Substantial results. Indians for the Indian Service. Healthy Growth in the Enrollment of Students. The Outing system. Correlation of Academic work. Library. Moral training and instruction in social hygiene. Religious teaching. Agricultural education. Physical culture and sport. Industrial and vocational training. Material improvements. Administrative improvements. Contribution of students to the school. Reports of “first” farm, “second” farm, bakery, sewing department, dairy, masonry department, heating and plumbing department, tin shop, printing department, carpenter shop, wheelwrighting department, painting department, stone crusher, shoe shop, tailor shop, poultry department, florist, vegetable garden, laundry, business department, blacksmith shop and total value of products from industrial departments. Census of students with number of boys and girls from each tribe. Table of comparative enrollment of new students since 1890. Table of contents. Throughout are drawings done by students.

PI 2-2 Annual School Calendars

Annual Calendar of the Carlisle Indian School Covering the Year 1916-1917.
List of administrative officers. Index. Daily schedules for each day of the week broken down into AM and PM. Physical culture program schedule. Sunday Forenoon details for chaperoning girls to Sunday school and other religious services. Sunday afternoon details for girls’ chaperones. Evening details for supervision of all groups. Pre-vocational academic schedule. Vocational academic schedule. Programs for pre-vocational course for both boys’ and girls’ industries. Teachers’ detail for study hour. Saturday evening program schedule. Miscellaneous events including, special programs, band and orchestra practice, teachers’ meetings, literary society meetings, and study hour. Sunday and Mid-Week religious program schedule divided into protestant and catholic. Schedule of visits to industrial departments. Inspection committees for general and weekly inspections of quarters. Rules for inspection. Visiting committees to four Literary societies. Regulations governing literary societies. Programs for commencement week.

PI 2-3 Catalogs
Pictures: Colonel Pratt; First party of Sioux girls and boys; A representative first party; Campus and student body; Campus, office, and school buildings; Band stand, dining hall, teachers’ quarters; croquet; guard house; band; boiler house; kitchen; preparing vegetables; arranging tables; cooking class; students in dining hall; bakery; removing bread from ovens; interior of printing office; type setting; press department; mailing department; tin shop-cutting and soldering; corner in tin shop; carpenter work-cabinet making; sawing and planning; repairing farm fences; coping stone fences; shoe shop-sewing tops; shoe shop-soling and finishing soles; shoe shop-repair department; tailor shop-pressing and cleaning; tailor shop-cutting; tailor shop-coat making, hand work; wagon making, woodwork section; carriage making, upholstering section; carriage painting; harness shop-sewing; harness shop-cutting parts; blacksmith shop-forge; blacksmith shop-horseshoeing; steamfitting; sewing room-measuring and cutting class; dressmaking section; corner in laundry-ironing; small boys running mangle; boys operating laundry machinery; small boys’ reading room; girls’ reading room; Y.M.C.A.; Susan Longstreth Literary Society; Standard Debating Society; Invincible Debating Society; Girls’ bedroom; boys’ bedroom; general practice in gymnasium-boys; girls’ dumbbell drill; boys’ wand drill; basket ball boys; basket ball girls; corner in dispensary-girls at work; corner in school library; normal room; normal room; first grade, adult.; second grade, adult.; third grade, out door lesson; fourth grade, drawing lesson; fourth grade; fifth grade; fifth grade, advanced; sixth grade; sixth grade, advanced; seventh grade; eighth grade; ninth grade, junior class; tenth grade, senior class; sloyd class, smallest pupils; sloyd class, advanced; art studio; music class; choir; individual lesson in instrumental music; Arbor Day exercises; tree planting; onion planting; weeding detail; school herd; farm scene; spring at farm; graduating class of 1902; track team; football team; Porto Rican group.
Brief description of the industrial departments including carpentry, blacksmithing and wagonmaking, painting, harnessmaking, tinsmithing, shoemaking, tailoring, printing, steam-heating plant, domestic science, bread making, sewing, laundry work, hospital, farming, and dairying. Description of athletics and physical culture. Description of the outing system.
Synopsis of the course of study for first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth grades.
Record of living graduates from each class since 1889 to 1900. Parts of 1899 and 1900 are partially gone and hard to read.
Words to Susan Song. Motto and colors-probably to specific class

PI 2-3 or PI 3-3-1895(?) United States Indian School Carlisle, Pa.
64 page book on the Indian School. Gives a two page written introduction to the school which is then followed by photographs with captions.
Pictures: Entrance Avenue; View of the Campus; the Administration Building; the Girls’ Quarter; Interior of Girls’ Room; the School Building; a School Room Interior; the Art Class; the Pupil Teachers; a Music Room; the Choir; 1889 Graduating Class; 1890 Graduating Class; 1891 Graduating Class; 1892 Graduating Class; 1893 Graduating Class; 1894 Graduating Class; 1895 Graduating Class; the Guard House; Dining Room and Girls’ Industrial Hall; Dining Hall-Interior; the School Kitchen; the Small Boys’ Quarters; the Campus in Winter; the Boiler House Interior; the Large Boys’ Quarters; Bedroom-Large Boys’ Quarters; Gymnasium Interior; the Foot Ball Team; Skating on the Conedogwinet; the School Band; Group of Apaches; the Old Walnut Tree; the World’s Fair Exhibit; the Workshops; the Carpenter Shop; the Shoe Shop; the Harness Shop; the Tin Shop; the Tailor Shop; the Blacksmith Shop; the Blacksmith Shop Interior; Printing Office; Printing Office-Mailing Department; Group of Printers; the Ironing Room; the Sewing Room; the Hospital; the Farm House; the Y.M.C.A.; the Standard Debating Society; the Invincible Society; the Susan Longstreth Literary Society; the Base Ball Team; the Assembly Hall and Chapel; Indian Boys in the Country; Indian Girls in the Country; Some Carlisle Indian Girls in Their Country Homes; A Country Sabbath School; Indian Girls as Professional Nurses.

PI 2-4 1917 Yearbook
Carlisle 1917 Title- Being a presentation done in prose and verse together with illustrations of the varied activities of the United States Indian School today. SENIOR CLASS: Words to class song. Salutatory by Rhoda Fobb. Senior observations. Name, picture, tribe, claim to distinction, course, characteristic trait, pet expression, aim in life, and descriptive quote for each member of the graduating class. Class colors, motto, flower. Class officers. Acrostic by Mary Wilmet using 1917 senior class. Class calendar by Maude Cooke-commentary on each month. Article on the debate over the Monroe Doctrine. The Senior’s Farewell by A.L.B. Our Cottage by Maude Cooke and Agnes Hatch. Junior class colors, flower, motto and class officers. Second Year Vocational class colors, name, flower, and officers. First year vocational class colors, motto, flowers, and officers. Book review on Robinson Crusoe by Marion Paris. Acrostic by Lyman Madison using his name. A New England Light-Station by Lyman Madison. The Art of Weaving by Sallie Greybeard. Acrostic by Lena Parker using her name. A Reading from Homer by Lena Parker. The First Spinners by Belle Peniska. Class Prophecy by Hobson Tupper. Acrostic by Ralph Tourtillotte using his name. Senior alphabet-each letter has commentary. Valedictory by George Warrington. Religious organizations. Entertainment schedule for 1916-1917. Mechanical Arts department. Agricultural department. Athletics: Football by Captain Tibbetts; Track, Relay, Hurdles, Sprinting by Francis Ojibway; Lacrosse by Captain Miller; basketball by Edwin Miller; Tennis and other sports; Wrestling tournament by A.L. Beechtree; Boys’ gym classes by Mike Gurno; Girls’ gym club; Carlisle Indian School Athletic schedule-season 1916-1917. Carlisle 1917 – the opportunities available at the school. Words to school song to the tune of “Maryland”. School dell.
Pictures: Hon. Cato Sells, Commissioner of Indian Affairs; O.H. Lipps-former superintendent, Clyde M. Blair-Principal, John Francis, Jr.-Superintendent, Roy H. Bradley-Director of Mechanic Arts, Matilda G. Ewig-Director of Home Economics; Members of the faculty-1917; The Academic building; Cast of characters of “The Continental Congress”; Signing the declaration from the “The Continental Congress”; Washington’s staff and Minute Men from “The Continental Congress”; Girls who gave the Indian operetta “The Feast of the Red Corn”; Tableau “Invincible”; Girls of the Susan Longstreth Society in pageantry representing the “Hall of Fame on Mt. Olympus”; Characters in historical drama “The Woman Who Did” and others assisting in special Mercer Society Programs; Picture of Sutton, LaChappelle, and Merrill-members of the Standard Society Debaters who won in the contest with Conway Hall, on March 31; The band; The reading room in large boys’ quarters; The Mercer Literary Society -girls; The Standard Debating Society-boys; The Mercer Literary Society’s hall, The Susan Longstreth Society’s hall, The Standard Debating Society’s hall, The Invincible Debating Society’s Hall; The Susan Longstreth Literary Society-girls; The Invincible Debating Society-boys; The library; The reading room in girls’ quarters; The cadet officers’ annual picnic at Bellaire Park; Cadet officers and non-commissioned officers of the school; The skating pond; North end of campus showing girls’ tennis court and archery range; The students’ dining room; girls’ and boys’ battalion; new dining room-girls’ quarters; corner of reception room-girls’ quarters; the reading room in small boys’ quarters; Mechanic arts building; the carpenter shop; the blacksmith shop; machine shop-steamfitting and heating; the masonry department; the painting department; the shoe and harness shop; the press room-printing department; composing room and the monotype printing department; domestic science department-dining room; domestic science kitchen-academic building; the main sewing room; millinery and dress fitting department; the laundry; brood sows on pasture-dairy and piggery in rear; the agricultural club; school garden and greenhouse; dairy herd at the farm spring, showing rear of farm house and farm boys’ tennis court; varsity football team-1916 season; varsity track squad-1917; “gym” club-1917; basketball team-1917; varsity lacrosse team-1917; relay team-1917; Wilber-winner of the 100-yard dash against Dickinson;

1918 Yearbook (Last Class)
Article-“The Carlisle Indian School Taken Over by the War Department: Marks the Close of an Institution of Historic Value in the Education and Civilization of the Original American.” A Toast to Carlisle by Mrs. E.H. Foster. Salutatory by Sadie Metoxen. Class of 1918 colors, motto, flower, and emblem. Class officers. Quotation by Van Dyke. Short write up on Lietenant John Francis, Jr.-superintendent of Carlisle from 4/1/1017 to 7/2/1918. From Day to Day by Sadie L. Metoxen. Class Roast: Being a characterization of the class of 1918 as they are known by their fellow students. Class prophecy-1918. The Spirit of Giving by Mary Largen. Valedictory by Harry Kohpay, Jr. Words of Class Song-1918. Carlisle’s The School for Me Words by Ora Knight and music by Verna Dunagan. Be a Carlisle Student by Frank Verigan.
Pictures: Lilies-of-the-Valley; panorama of the school; Lietenant John Francis, Jr.; Pictures of each member of the graduating class with characterizing quote; Patiently waiting, a celebrated quartet, down grade, just posing; teasing again, just looking pleasant, bobcat; on the bandstand with teacher, studying on the way to domestic science, smiles kill many ills, on my sole; volunteers in Uncle Sam’s service, on my way to school, “I’se so Coote”, she and her doll, half-and-half, an Alaskan frame-up, You’ll know me by my smile, watching the game; a grin that won’t come off, good morning, on the rock of hope, sending an S.O.S., the poet making a home run; a handful of mews, the scare of those hands, the four literary societies holding a joint meeting, invincible alert-susan, standard, and mercer caught napping, me and my pets (all 5 of kittens). Carlisle girls in the colonial figure of the minuet given on the green as a special feature of the commencement exercises with names. The same girls in the graceful circle movements of the old-time minuet. Tableau composed of the historical characters represented in the pageant “Feudalism to Freedom” with names. The band-1918. Group in “A Scrap of Paper” episode 2 in “Feudalism to Freedom” with names. Group in “Feudalism to Freedom”-representative of the year 1621 with names. Hospital staff with names. Winning Troop F of the boys’ battalion and their officers. Winning Company C of the girls’ battalion; basketball team-1918; lacrosse team-1918; Carlisle track men-1918; baseball team-1918; Carlisle students in Liberty Loan Parade; The Agricultural club-1918; Cadet commissioned officers of the student battalion-1918; Color sergeants with names; The S.L.L.S.; The Invincible Debating Society; The Mercer Literary Society; The Standard Debating Society;

PI 2-5 Annual Examinations

Carlisle Indian School: The Printed Program of the Sixth Annual Examination, May 6 1885.
Program which included singing and recitation and other displays of acquired knowledge. Includes the names of participating students. Speeches by a few students. Discussion on “Should the Indians be farmers or stock-raisers”

PI 2-7 Invincible Debating Society Yearbook 1915-1916
Words to the Invincible Song. Motto and colors. Officers and members. The Invincible calendar. Letter by Mr. Henry Standing Bear, a founding member, Class of 1891 to Mr. Donald McDowell. Origin of the Society by Frank Janis, a founding member. The Annual Debate by J.M.L. includes question, positions, and summary of occurrences. The Invincibles as Athletes. Music by G.F. The Standards with officers and summary by E.J.W. The Mercers with officers and summary by E.J.W. Invincible Alumni Who are Making Good which includes information on former students. The Invincibles Youngest Member by A.L.B. Invincibles Today by J.M.M. About Our Sisters the Susans with officers and summary by D.M.D. Words to Susan Song, motto, and colors. Poems and quotes throughout yearbook.
Pictures: The Invincible Debating Society May 1916; The Invincible Debating Team with names; Peter Houser; Albert A. Exendine; Antonio Lubo ‘04; Dr. Caleb Sickles ’98; Robertson Denny; Sallie Graybeard; Susan Debaters;

PI 2-8 Miscellaneous

PI 2-8-1979 2 copies
Dickinson College Library Special Collections: Guide to Research Materials on the Carlisle Indian School in the Dickinson College Library. List and Index of Indian Students who attended Dickinson College.
Summary of the collection at the Dickinson College Library. List of correspondence with date and annotations. List of pamphlets with annotations and date. Books with bibliographic information and call number. Miscellaneous holdings with call number including Indian School publications and newspaper articles. Photographs postcards, single, and group photographs.
List of Indian students who attended Dickinson College, Its Preparatory School, or Law School. Name, years attended, what school, hometown. List has some errors as Indian status based on home address at either Indian school or on reservation, but some nonIndians living there were likely included. Alphabetical listing of students who attended one of the schools, dates, and which school.
Girls- Eva Foster, Alice Denomie, Claudia McDonald.

PI 2-8-1 Outing Request Form
Outing request form dated Nov. 8, 1910 to M. Friedman, Supt. from Alice M. Bellanger (sp?) includes other small paper with her name, a time, the name Harry F. Matter of Rutledge, PA, and “will be met at Broad St. station”-possible info about her outing patron.

PI 2-8
Student Admissions Application used before Aug 15, 1901. Asks for name, tribe, and age of students. Requires permission from a guardian with their relationship to student.
Souvenir Song: Dedicated to Capt. R.H. Pratt by Carlisle Devotees to the tune of the Old Oaken Bucket.
Outing Rules. Signed by student Rachel Long and patron George M. Diffenderfer on Feb. 18, 1907.
Modern typing of outing rules.
FWProgrammer-Publication by the Carlisle Barracks Federal Women’s Program Committee. Dec/Mar 1982 issue. Dedication of Anne Ely Hall. Anne Ely was a teacher at the Carlisle Indian school. It is the first building on the barracks to be named after a civilian and a woman.
A Preliminary Inventory of Material in US Army Military History Research Collection Pertaining to Carlisle. Compiled by William Watson, Pvt. 1971. Includes books and Indian school publications.
Page from the Carlisle Arrow Vol II No 1 p.5 1914.
Modern typing of Student Admission Application
Memo on the appointment of Mr. Norman Egolf to Dairyman at the Indian School signed by Commissioner Leupp. Sept. 13, 1906. On reverse are rules for Indian School service.

PI 2-9 Synopsis of the Course of Study for the Indian Industrial School at Carlisle, Pa.
No date. Course of study for grades 1 through 10. Includes language (oral and written), history (includes civics) and literature, science (nature), form and number, and music and drawing. Different topics for each grade level.

PI 3-3 Hatlo’s They’ll Do It Every Time. Hatlo’s History: The Carlisle Indian School Football Team Goes on the Warpath During the University of Pennsylvania Game….Philadelphia, 1910. also 2 photocopies
Cartoon depicting the Indian school team being penalized by the officials for off-sides and “going on the warpath” because they were upset at the call. Language of the Indian players is typical “Indian-speak” and war whoops.

PI 3-3 Introduction of Domestic Reindeer into Alaska. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education, Alaska Division, Washington D.C. January 2, 1893.
Connection to the Indian school is unclear. The book discusses the plans to introduce domesticated reindeer into Alaska. It discusses how it can be done and the benefits it would have, including the benefits to the natives of the area. Among some torn pages which do NOT belong to the book are a picture of the superintendent of the Indian school that is unidentifiable because the head is torn off. Also there is a page from a photobook of the Indian school showing some student nurses and students at a Sabbath School.

PI 3-3-1978 List of articles presented to the Cumberland County Historical Society by Mr. Arthur R. Martin on March 17, 1978. Mr. Martin was Pop Warner’s Secretary from 1910 to 1915.
List is the same as that shown to be addressed to the Faculty of the Morris Room with the exception that the letter from Richard Henry Pratt is not included but a copy of the Course of Study for the Indian Schools of the United States is.

PI 3-3-1978 Letter from James W. Garvie to Elizabeth Duran of Niagara University, NY. July 31, 1978.
Garvie attended the Carlisle Indian school. He talks about people he knew both at the school and at Haskell. He also talks about his time playing the trumpet with other Indian musicians, including playing for FDR’s first inaugural ball. He seems to focus on Tuscarora’s, perhaps because Duran inquired about them. Included in the letter is a list of the members of the graduating class of 1915 of which Garvie was a member.

PI 3-3-1978 “Lucy Prettyeagle” by K. Smith, Carlisle Senior High School, Carlisle, Pa., February 27, 1978.
Thesis: In four decades, many Indian students passed through the Carlisle Indian School, but the legend of Lucy Prettyeagle has kept her here.
Interesting paper about Lucy Prettyeagle who came to Carlisle from the Rosebud agency in 1883 and died four months latter. The paper tells what little is known about Lucy before her arrival at Carlisle, discusses the mystery of the date of her death, and the curious hauntings that have been noticed in the building in which Lucy had spent her few brief months at Carlisle.

PI 3-3 Pages from a book containing photographs with captions related to the Carlisle Indian School. 2 copies.
Pictures: Day School No. 27 on the Pine Ridge Reservation; Omaha Indians from Carlisle in Business; Mrs. Juliet Smith, nursing student; Otoe Woman, Oklahoma in native dress; Cross Country Team 1911; Louis Tewanima; Homes of Omahas Educated at Carlisle; James Thorpe-Football captain, Gus Welch-Track captain, Alex Arcasa-Lacrosse captain, Joel Wheelock-Basketball captain; Football team 1911.

PI 3-3 Page from a book containing two pictures.
Picture of the entrance gates of the school and picture of a flag salute by the student body.

Unmarked page from a book containing three pictures.
Picture of the Carlisle Indian Band with handwriting pointing out James Wheelock. Picture of the Carlisle Football Team. Picture of the Carlisle Boys in the Boiler Shop-Representing Nine Different Tribes.

PI 3-3-1886 Letter from the Acting Secretary of the Treasury transmitting Letter of Secretary of the Interior relative to improvement of the Indian Industrial School at Carlisle, Pa. 49th Congress, 1st session, Ex. Doc. No. 192. Referred 6/29/1886.
2 copies
Discusses the appropriation of $37,500 for improvements to the school including the acquisition of the neighboring Parker farm, a new large boys’ dormitory, a school barn, and some other improvements. A letter from Pratt explaining the need for the new facilities is included at part of the document.

PI 3-3-1890 Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting an estimate from the Secretary of the Interior for buildings, walks, and fences at the Indian School, Carlisle, Pa. 51st Congress, 1st session, Ex. Doc. No. 221.
Referred 2/20/1890. 2 copies.
Discusses the appropriation of $19,080 to construct buildings, walks, and fences at the Indian School. The buildings to be constructed are a barn on the school farm, a store-house, and a blacksmith and wagon shop. A letter for Pratt explaining the need for the appropriation is included as part of the document.

PI 3-3-1890 Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting an estimate from the Secretary of the Interior, for buildings for the Indian School, Carlisle, Pa. 51st Congress, 1st session, Ex. Doc. No. 285. Referred 3/19/1890. 2 copies.
Discusses the appropriation of about $15,000 to construct a small girls’ dormitory and to pay off a debt of $5,000 still owed from the construction of the large boys’ quarters and the gymnasium. Letter from Pratt explaining the need for the funds.

PI 3-3-1909 Photocopy of an article from June 30, 1909 entitled “23 Indians in Guard House For a Night”
The article was written to dispel rumors that several students had escaped from the guardhouse when imprisoned. 23 members of the band were placed in the guardhouse for a night because they did not show up to play for the flag salute as a result of a supposed misunderstanding. The students, says Supt. Friedman, were released the next day and none had escaped but that 13 had gone home having completed their courses.

PI 3-3-1977 The Alumni Quarterly. Bloomsburg State College, Bloomsburg, Pa 17815. September 1977. Vol. 78, No. 1.
Article about Susie Rayos Marmon who attended the Carlisle Indian School and then went to receive teaching training at what was then the Bloomsburg State Normal School. She returned to teach at Carlisle for a year before being sent back to New Mexico to teach. She taught for several years before her marriage and then once her children were grown. Recognized as being a valuable source of Indian lore, she was tape recorded by the Southern Pueblos Agency to preserve her memories. She had also appeared on local television. Many members of the Laguna area attribute their success to her dedication. The publication of this information was spurred by a request by Radcliff College who was considering including her in their publication “Notable American Women.”

PI 3-3-1977 Letter from James W. Garvie to Dr. Elizabeth C. Duran of Niagara University, NY. November 29, 1977.
Letter introducing Garvie to Duran, apparently she had contacted him for information regarding the Carlisle Indian School. The letter discusses Garvie’s coming to Carlisle and a few aspects of the school he recalls. He welcomes Duran or one of her associates to come and speak with him regarding the school and suggests a visit to the school grounds. He enclosed a copy of his father’s ordination as a Congregational minister.

PI 3-3-1918 The Indian School Journal. Issued Monthly by the U.S. Indian School Chilocco, Oklahoma and Printed by Indians. September 1918. Vol. 19, No. 1
Contains and article entitled, “The Passing of Carlisle” by Oscar H. Lipps, Chief Supervisor of Indians Schools and Formerly Superintendent of the Carlisle Indian School. Photo of Pratt before the article. Discusses the history of the school, partially through Pratt’s own words. Has a panoramic picture of the school grounds and a picture of the students passing the Treasury building in the Flag Day parade, Washington, June 14, 1916.

PI 3-3-1966 Spectrum. Summer 1966, vol. 14, no. 3.
Article entitled, “Montezuma, M.D.” Details Montezuma’s life beginning in boyhood and ending with his death back on the reservation after living the majority of his life among whites. Carlos Montezuma was bought by a white man who educated him and he earned his medical degree at the age of 21. He was the resident physician at the Carlisle Indian School for a time and was encouraged in his activism by Pratt, who he admired. Montezuma was active in the Society of American Indians and published his own small magazine, Wassaja, from 1916-1921.

PI 3-3-1912 American Indians, Chained and Unchained. Being an Address before the Pennsylvania Commander of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion at the Union League, Philadelphia, October 23, 1912. Entitled “One of General Sheridan’s Ways with Indians and What Came of It.” Supplemented by an address to The Society of American Indians at their Annual Convention in Columbus, Ohio October 5, 1912 on “The Solution of the Indian Problem” both by R.H. Pratt, Brig. Gen., U.S.A.
“One of General Sheridan’s Ways with Indians and What Came of It.” Discusses the very beginnings of how through General Sheridan’s Indian policy Pratt became in charge of Indian prisoners in Florida and therefore wrapped up in Indian Education. He discusses how this eventually led to Carlisle, how Carlisle was established, what was undertaken at the school, and how it served as a model for other schools.
“The Solution of the Indian Problem.” Discusses Pratt’s view on the past, current, and future prospects of the Indians and what he sees as necessary for their proper position in the country.

PI 3-3-1963 Congressional Record of the Proceedings and Debates of the 88th Congress, 1st session. vol. 109, no. 42. Washington, Monday, March 18, 1963.

Goodling talks about the Carlisle Indian school being put on the National Register of Historic Places and then asks that remarks by Major General William F. Train, commanding general of the Carlisle Barracks, made on the occasion be read into the congressional record. The House agrees and Train’s speech which talks about the history of the barracks is read into the record.

PI 3-3-1911 Association Men: The Magazine of the Young Men’s Christian Association. August 1911.
Picture of the Carlisle Indian School Y.M.C.A. on front cover. Several articles related to Indians are in the issue.
“The Young American Indian of To-day” by M. Friedman, Supt. Carlisle Indian School. This article talks about the progress that the Indians have been making. Pictures of Supt. Friedman; The Cabinet of the Chillaco Indian School Association; Missionaries Riggs and Williamson.
“Indian Young Men of Purpose” by H.B. Peairs, Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Gives examples, without names, of Indian young men who have been successful in the eyes of Mr. Peairs. Pictures: The Sioux General Committee with the State President and Secretary; Members of the Haskell Institute Indian Student Association; One of the Seven Log Cabin Association Buildings Erected by the Indians.
“Progress Made by the Indian” by Robert D. Hall, Indian Secretary. Discusses the physical, intellectual, and moral progress of the Indian. Recognizes the degenerative effects that contact with some whites had. Pictures: Hall; Lacrosse; The Progress of the Indian in his Dwelling; The New and The Old.
“A ‘Help Me’ Meeting.” Activities that occurred at the Canada Indian Association convention held in Pipestone, Manitoba. Pictures: The Conference Speakers and Delegates; Chief and President Carry-the-Kettle, Chief and Leader George Bone, Conference Leader W.J. Green, John Bunn; Stephen Jones in baseball game between the white and the red men.
“A ‘Then’ and ‘Now’ Indian Photograph” by Indian Missionary She-go-wi-eh, Tunesassa, NY. The progress that the Tunesassa from the Allegheny Reservation have made over the last several years with the help of the Y.M.C.A. Pictures of the Tunesassa Indian Association building and officers.
“A Degenerate Scholar-a Regenerate Indian.” Stories of morality and choosing right from wrong. Moral of the story is that a person can be learned but still chose the wrong path, but someone does not necessarily need a lofty education to be a good Christian man.

PI 3-3-1980 “Carlisle Indian School After Pratt: 1904-1918” prepared for the Cumberland County Historical Society, presented April 10, 1980. by Elizabeth Duran
Summarized the beginnings of Carlisle. Discusses Pratt’s growing conflict with the government and humanitarians. Traces the decline of Carlisle that began slowly at Pratt’s dismissal. Summarizes the change in education policy that occurred, including the introduction of Indian culture into the curriculum. Discusses the events leading up to the closing of the school.

PI 3-3-1917 “The Carlisle Indian School” paper read before the Hamilton Library Association, Carlisle, Pa. and the Historical Society of Cumberland County, Pa. Dec. 14, 1917 by Miss Mildred E. Masonheimer. The paper was awarded one of two prizes.
Paper written by a Carlisle High School student. Is an overall history of the school from it earliest beginnings in Pratt’s head up to the time the paper was written. Has a reference page which includes conversations with individual connected to the school.

PI 3-3-1963 Program for the Carlisle Indian School Presentation Ceremony of a National Landmark Plague and Certificate to the Carlisle Barracks, Pa. on March 14, 1963.
Program for the ceremony. Brief history of the school. Pictures of the Chiricahua-Apache children on their arrival at Carlisle and then 4 months later.

PI 3-3-1963 Public announcement from the Public Information Office of the U.S. Army War College on the designation of the Indian School as a National Historic Landmark by the U.S. Department of the Interior. Mar 14, 1963. No. 142-63
Description of the ceremony. Brief history of the school.

PI 3-3-1963 The U.S. Army War College and Carlisle Barracks, PA: A Brief Narrative.
Booklet on the history of the U.S. Army War College. A very brief discussion of the Carlisle Indian School is included in the history of the Carlisle Barracks.

PI 3-3-1973 Notes to the Faculty from The Morris Room at Dickinson College. Dec. 1973.
Acquisitions related to the Indian school. Letters from Richard Henry Pratt to Dr. C. R. Agnew from 1883-1888. Two books used for the Hygiene class at the Indian school with bookcover. 1903 Commencement pamphlet. Eight clippings from newspapers related to the Indian school. Photocopy of a comic about the Indian school football team from 1967. Invitation to the 200th anniversary of the Carlisle barracks in 1957 to Mr. Martin. Two photographs and a letter related to Thorpe. A 1927 letter by Mr. Martin about the Carlisle Indian school. Notes by Mr. Martin about the Indian school. 3 postcards related to the Indian school.

PI 3-3-1979 “The Carlisle Indian School” speech delivered by Dr. Milton Flower on October 18, 1979 at the Dickinson School of Law. 2 copies
Brief history of the school. Includes a little about the reaction of the citizens of Carlisle to the school. Flower’s family had outing students in their home and he talks about that experience briefly. He mentions the athletics teams and the large photograph collection of the school in the CCHS. He also addresses the causes for the school's decline.

PI 3-3-1982 List of persons buried in the Indian School Cemetery, Carlisle Barracks. Furnished by the U.S. Military History Institute. April 26, 1982.
Lists the name, tribe, and date of death for each individual. The list is broken down into plots, A, B, C, D, E, and F. There are a total of 227 graves listed. 14 are unknown. 187 are from the period of the Indian School, including 10 of the unknown graves. The first student buried there appears to have been Amos LaFarmboise, Sioux, in 1879 and the last was Wallace Derryman in 1910. This is based on dates given, although some lack a death date and so may have been earlier or later.

PI 3-3-1963 U.S. Army War College Folder with the name Mr. D. Wilson Thompson imprinted on the front.
Folder contains copies of 5 photographs of the ceremony at which the Carlisle Indian school was placed on the National Historic Landmark register. The folder also contains a brochure about the Army War College and a map of the grounds.

PI 3-2-1960 “The Poet, the Bums, and the Legendary Red Men” v 12. no. 17, Feb 15, 1960, p.74-84. by Robert Cantwell
Article on Marianne Moore, who taught at Carlisle from 1911 to 1915. The article not only discusses Moore’s life at the school, including some of her comments about the students, but also gives a general history of the school. Emphasis placed on the athletic program and includes Moore’s remembrances of Thorpe. Also some reaction by Moore as a girl who partially grew up in Carlisle. Cantwell makes the interesting argument that the athletes created a common myth that all the students at the school could share despite any tribal differences. Overall a well-written article.

PI 3-3-1936 “The Carlisle Indian School and Cemetery” by Elizabeth Parkinson Hoffman. Paper.
The paper briefly traces the history of the Barracks prior to the Indian School being located there. She then discusses the establishment of the school. Names of some of the famous attendants of the school are listed. She then discusses the closing of the school and the later removal of the cemetery to different portion of the grounds. Included is a copy of the letter she received from the Barracks headquarters explaining the removal. She mentions the names of some of the students buried there, including Thomas Marshall for whom she quotes an obituary of sorts that appeared in the April 28, 1899 Indian Helper. She also makes mention of the memorial erected near Pratt’s grave by some of the former students.

PI 3-3-1908 Information Concerning the United States Indian Industrial School at Carlisle, Penna. Containing a Brief Outline of What it Is, and What it is Accomplishing: 1879-29th Year-1908. Published by the School. Printed by Indian Apprentices. 4 copies some have insert with Moses Friedman as Superintendent.
Lists of Officers of Administration and Instruction with name and position. Discusses the different formats of Indian Education: Mission Schools, Day Schools, Reservation Schools, and Non-Reservation Schools, including Carlisle particularly. The history of Carlisle and the Barracks. The buildings and equipment of the school. Religious policy of the school. The various parts of Industrial training: carpentry; blacksmithing; carriage and wagon making; coach painting and trimming; painting; plumbing and steam fitting; plumbing; tailoring; harness-making; shoemaking; plastering, masonry, bricklaying, and cementing; tin shop; the printery; photography; the kitchen; bakery; the dining hall; agriculture; sewing; the laundry; horticulture and green house work; poultry raising and dairying; dairying; supply department; health department. Academic department: General suggestions regarding programme, morals and manners, elocutionary work and literary societies, evening programs, industrial talks, chapel exercises, teachers’ meetings, our normal training department, religious calendar. Synopsis of the course of study and departmental work. Descriptions of the different classes: Language; Arithmetic; Elementary Science; Physiology and Hygiene; Agriculture; Reading and Literature; History; Civics; Music. Descriptions of other aspects of the school: Athletics; Physical Culture; Library; Comparison of Carlisle to other institutions; The Department of Native Art; Loyalty of Students and Ex-students; The Outing System; Outing Rules and form; School Government divided into boys and girls; Daily Routine; Data Regarding Students and Ex-Pupils. List of each graduating class, its members and their tribe-those dead listed at the end of each class.
Pictures: Panorama of Grounds; Major W.A. Mercer, 11th Cavalry, Supt. at desk; Hon. James R. Garfield, Secretary of the Interior; Hon. Francis E. Leupp, Commissioner of Indian Affairs; Major W.A. Mercer, portrait; Buildings: dining hall, Leupp studio, girls’ quarters, administration building, guard house, large boys’ quarters; Buildings: administration building, small boys’ quarters, academic building, teachers’ quarters; Leupp Indian Art Studio-5 pictures; Auditorium: school building, curtain, Minnehaha Falls, parlor, chapel; Painting-5 pictures; Shoemaking and Harnessmaking- 3 pictures each; carpentering and steam fitting- 2 pictures each; carriage making and blacksmithing- 3 pictures total; Academic class room work and nature study- 4 pictures total; Academic class work- 4 pictures; Hospital- 5 pictures; Societies: Y.M.C.A., Susan Longstreths, Invincibles, Standards; Tailoring and dressmaking- 2 pictures each; Laundry: laundry, washing, mangling, ironing; Bakery- 5 pictures; Boiler House; Printer (untitled); Gymnastics: Boys’ wand drill, Gymnastics instructor Alfred B. Venne, Heavy Gymnastics-boys, bowling alley, gymnasium, trophy hall; Gymnastics: girls’ dumb bell drill, girls’ basket ball, boys’ gymnastic drill, boys’ drill squad, German extension work; Athletics: Director of Athletics Glenn S. Warner, Base-ball team, Track team, Foot-ball team, Indian field, on the field; Athletics: Hemlock, Jude, Mitchell, Sundown, Exendine, Thomas, Start Two Mile Run Class Day 1907; Horticulture and Landscape Gardening; A Lesson in Agriculture; Band (untitled); Girls’ Mandolin Club; Original First Party; Graduating Class of 1906; Boys in the Country Under Outing System: cultivating corn, harvesting, operating field rake, dairy hands, Indian boys country home; Girls Outing: kitchen scene, flower gardening, dining room scene, at home on the veranda, country school house; the printers.

PI 3-3-1911 Carlisle and the Red Men of Other Days-From The Red Man. By George P. Donehoo, D.D. Printed by Indian school students.
Describes the historic presence of the Indians in the Carlisle area and their interaction with the white civilization. Discusses the historical significance of Carlisle in general.
Takes the story of the Indians and Carlisle all the way up to the arrival of the Indian school students. Declares the “Red Man” to be the truest patriot.
Pictures: Road to South Mountain; Gap in South Mountain; Site of Fort Louther; Old Bridge over the Conedogwinet; the (Appalachian) trail at Chambersburg; the Conedogwinet; LeTort’s Spring; Cave; Parkway of the Indian school campus; School campus looking north; the Spring on the school farm; School building;

PI 3-4 Information on other Indian schools

PI 3-4-1978to1980 Bacone College Annual Bulletin 1978-1980.
Bacone College, which was first opened in 1880, is located in Oklahoma and at the time of the publication was 60% Native American. The rest of the student population being black or white. It is known for its emphasis on Native American Indian Studies. The bulletin talks about all aspects of the college including courses, student organizations, etc.

Pamphlet entitled “Out of a Proud and Courageous Past”
Discusses the school's connection with the Native American community and how it is specially designed to help Native American students overcome the boundaries preventing them from attended regular colleges and universities. It talks about language, special programs, and an emphasis on heritage and culture.

Pamphlet on scholarships.
Lists the various scholarships that are available for attending the college and the requirements for application.

PI 3-5 Pamphlets about Indians in general and miscellaneous related material

PI 3-5 Pages from a book. Pages entitled “Education of Indians” by Capt. R.H. Pratt, in Public Opinion.
Details Pratt’s views on how to solve the Indian problem. Details four steps: Knowledge of the language, skill in an industry, civilization, education. Pratt states the Indian has not inherent qualities that separate him from other men. Believes that all these qualities can grow together.

PI 3-5-1918 The Chilocco Senior Class Annual 1918. Published by the Senior Class of the U.S. Indian School, Chilocco, Oklahoma.
Pictures of graduates with hometown, tribe, honors, course, pet phrase, ambition, and descriptive quote. Salutatory by Louise Downing. The Outlook for the Indians of Oklahoma by Louis Downing. Found!A Gold Mine by Rosalind Sears. Electricity by Eddy Randolph. Class prophecy by Bessie Yellowfish. Domestic Science in the Indian Home by Clara Root. The Values of Music by Agnes H. Riley. Why I am a Printer by Garnett Mosely. What Domestic Art Means to Us by Medora Cooper. Valedictory-“Over the Top” by Clarence Childers. The Seniors’ Will by Ruth F. Lazelle. Chart about the graduates including name, nickname, disposition, occupation, pet phrase, favorite song, and summary. Organizations: Hiawatha Literary Society by Helen Mitchell; Soangetaha Literary Society by Jesse Whitetree; Sequoyah Literary Society by Eddy Randolph; Minnehaha Literary Society by Agnes Riley; Chilocco Red Cross; Y.M.C.A.; Y.W.C.A. Song- “An Ode to the Juniors” by Minnie McKinzie. Poem acrostic of Chilocco. Poems-“Class of’18” by Edna I. Martin; “Dear School” by Agnes Riley; “Senior Class” by Louis Downing. Class song by Louise Downing. Toast to Our Teachers by Clara Root. Doings at Chilocco by Minnie McKinzie. Finale.
Pictures: Haworth Hall, School Building; Hon. Franklin K. Lane, Sec. of Interior; Hon. Cato Sells, Comm. of Indian Affairs; Oscar H. Lipps, Supervisor of Indian Schools and temporarily in charge of Chilocco; Edgar A. Allen, Superintendent of Chilocco from 4/1/11 to 3/31/18; E.A. Porter, Principal and Teacher of Agriculture; Jessie W. Cook, English; Gertrude Tyer, Science and Mathematics; Louise Wallace, Music; Cartoon of student turned soldier capturing a German soldier; Forest Scene in “As You Like It”; Bridal chorus from “The Rose Maiden”; Home one-large boys’ dormitory; Home two-small boys’ dormitory; Home Three-small girls’ dormitory; Home four-large girls’ dormitory; Chilocco’s New Administrative Building; Signatures of seniors; Drawing – the Indian, a senior’s great-grandfather; Base ball squad, 1918; Basket ball squad, 1917-1918; Comic of senior carpenter, senior farmer, senior athlete, senior girl. Cartoons entitled “the Indian and the Kaiser-‘I’ve Got Him on the Run’” and “When ‘Sticky’ Plays ‘Over the Top’.”

PI 3-5 Transcript of bulletin from Capt. John Brady to Capt. Robert Callender from Shippensburg on March 26, 1764 regarding the I